Prospeksi dan Masalah Lingkungan Akibat Penambangan Timah di Pulau Karimun
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Penambangan timah di Asia Tenggara yang kaitannya dengan sabuk timah telah dimulai sejak abad ke-19. Eksploitasi tersebut tentu telah meninggalkan beberapa lokasi pembuangan limbah timah yang dapat membahayakan lingkungan. Namun demikian, limbah pertambangan juga memungkinan masih mengandung bahan-bahan yang bernilai ekonomis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari komposisi bahan sisa dari beberapa lokasi pembuangan tailing timah di Pulau Karimun agar dapat mengetahui potensi maupun dampaknya terhadap lingkungan. Hasil analisis XRF dan ICP-MS menunjukkan bahwa kandungan Al2 O3 dan Ce pada beberapa lokasi cukup prospektif. Kedua oksida tersebut menarik untuk dipisahkan karena merupakan bahan buangan, berada tidak jauh dari permukaan, lunak, dan memiliki luas permukaan yang besar. Limbah penambangan timah di Karimun terbukti telah menyebabkan polusi aluminium, magnesium, dan potasium pada tingkat beragam. Program reboisasi, penggunaan bakteri pengurai, dan penambahan beberapa bahan kimia sesuai dosis dapat diadaptasi dalam perbaikan kondisi lingkungan pasca penambangan timah.
Kata kunci: geokimia, Karimun, limbah timah, prospeksi, polusi
ABSTRACT
Tin mining in Southeast Asia, which is closely associated with the tin belt, was initiated in the 19th century. The exploitation certainly created tin waste disposal locations which may endanger the environment. On the other hand, mining waste might also contain valuable materials. This study aims to analyse the composition of the residual materials from several tin tailings disposal sites on Karimun Island for any potential prospects and environmental impacts The results of XRF and ICP-MS measurements show that Al2 O3 and Ce in some sites are prospective and interesting to be beneficiated on behalf of their condition as waste material, located near the surface, soft, and a large surface area. On the other hand, the tin mining wastes of Karimun lead to aluminium, magnesium and potassium pollutants at various degrees. The revegetation program, the use of decomposing bacteria, and the addition of several environmentally friendly chemicals with certain dosage could be adapted to improve environmental conditions after tin mining.
Keywords: geochemistry, Karimun, pollution, prospecting, tin tailings
Keywords
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PDFDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.34126/jlbg.v12i3.367
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