Potensi Bahaya Gempa Bumi Berdasarkan Kondisi Tapak Lokal di Daerah Amlapura, Karangasem, Bali
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Bahaya gempa bumi dapat dievaluasi setidaknya dari dua sudut pandang, yaitu sumber dan area yang berpotensi terdampak. Dari sudut pandang area berpotensi terdampak, kondisi geologi lokal memegang peranan penting dalam memperbesar dampak kerusakan akibat guncangan gempa bumi. Kecepatan gelombang geser merupakan parameter penting untuk mengevaluasi perilaku dinamis tanah di bawah permukaan. Pemodelan profil kecepatan menggambarkan kedalaman batuan sedimen dan batuan dasar di Amlapura yang menunjukkan ketebalan sedimen lunak yang bervariasi mulai dari 50 m hingga 150 m. Indeks kerentanan terhadap gempa bumi yang dihitung berdasarkan parameter faktor amplifikasi, frekuensi dominan, serta percepatan tanah puncak (pga) pada batuan dasar digunakan untuk menilai potensi dampak guncangan gempa bumi seperti likuefaksi/ gerakan tanah/ kerusakan berat pada bangunan di Amlapura, sehingga diketahui pada pga 0,3 g atau lebih besar, potensi longsor, bangunan runtuh dan likuefaksi meluas terutama di bagian timur kota Amlapura dimana morfologi pedataran bertemu morfologi pebukitan bergelombang.
Kata kunci: Amlapura, bahaya gempa bumi, kecepatan gelombang geser, kondisi tapak lokal, percepatan tanah puncak
ABSTRACT
Earthquake hazard can be evaluated at least from two point of views, the source and area which potentialy affected. From the perspective of the potential affected area, local geological conditions play an important role in magnifying the impact of damage due to earthquake shocks. Shear wave velocity is an important parameter for evaluating the dynamic behavior of subsurface soils. Shear wave profile modelling illustrates the depth of sedimentary rocks and bedrock in Amlapura which shows the thickness of soft sediments that vary from 50 m to 150 m. An earthquake susceptibility index calculated based on parameters of amplification factors, dominant frequency, and peak soil acceleration (pga) on bedrock is used to assess potential impacts of earthquake shocks such as liquefaction / ground motion / heavy damage to buildings in Amlapura, so that it is known at the pga 0.3 g and 0.4 g potential for landslides, buildings collapse and liquefaction extends mainly in the eastern part of the city of Amlapura where the flat meets the the surging hills morphology.
Keywords: Amlapura, earthquake hazard, shear-wave velocity, site class, peak ground acceleration
Keywords
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PDFDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.34126/jlbg.v12i3.372
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